Novel Biorefinery Approach through a Biocompatible Deep Eutectic Solvent-Mediated One-Pot Mechanochemical Conversion

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02955

Abstract

To establish competitive biorefineries aligned with global climate goals, reliance on petroleum-derived solvents and the limitations imposed by lignocellulosic recalcitrance must be overcome. In this study, we present a sustainable and efficient biomass conversion strategy that integrates a green, biocompatible deep eutectic solvent (DES) with a mechanical ball-milling pretreatment to enable high-solid-loading, one-pot processing under ambient conditions. This combined approach achieved glucose yields of up to 83% from corn stover at 25 wt % solid loading, surpassing conventional pretreatment methods in both efficiency and process simplicity. Notably, sugar yields remained high without the need for external heat, pressure, or intermediate washing steps, demonstrating excellent process scalability. In addition, mild reaction conditions facilitated the near-complete preservation of native lignin structures. Structural analyses of residual lignins confirmed the retention of key interunit aryl-ether linkages and minimal lignin depolymerization. This ensures the downstream valorization potential of lignin as a high-value coproduct. Together, these findings demonstrate the feasibility of a synergistic mechanochemical route to unlock fermentable sugars and valorize lignin from lignocellulosic biomass, providing a compelling framework for next-generation biorefinery development.